Color Perception and Applications
نویسنده
چکیده
Light enters the eye, is focused by the cornea, passes through the variable-diameter iris, is further focused by the lens, and strikes the light-sensitive receptors of the retina in the back of the eye. The photoreceptors of the retina can be divided into two basic categories: rods and cones. At normal light levels, cones dominate the initial response to light, resulting in photopic vision. Three different kinds of cones are active in the human visual system: short-wavelength (S) cones with a maximum response at 450 nm (violet-blue), medium-wavelength (M) cones with a maximum response at 530 nm (slightly yellowish-green), and long-wavelength (L) cones with a maximum response at 560 nm (slightly greenish-yellow). The three types are sometimes called the blue, green, and red cones, respectively, because of the general wavelengths to which they respond most strongly. The maximum response of the S cone is much smaller than either of the other two, limiting our sensitivity to small blue objects (such as blue letters on a black background). The response of cones to incoming light has a logarithmic relationship with the intensity of light, making small differences in intensity more apparent at low light levels than at high levels.
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